High Aspect Ratio Photolithography for MEMS Application Article

High Aspect Ratio Photolithography for MEMS Application - Article Example Survey There are a few techniques that have been utilized in photolithography and creation of molds for use in metal microstructures. LIGA is one of the most widely recognized strategies that have been recently utilized for this reason; this methodology has a few points of interest in that it tends to be utilized with tall microstructures that extended from 100â µm to 1mm. The viability of this strategy is that it has no impact on the horizontal dimensional exactness of the long microstructures making it an adaptable technique, and this clarifies why it is famous among other photolithographic strategies. The constraint of this technique is that creation of LIGA includes an impressively significant expense, and absence of a x-beam synchronized source that would give hard x-beams of high force and with low different properties. Responsive Ion Etching (RIE) s another technique that includes polyamide, which is sued to manufacture ease high perspective proportion structures when contras ted with LIGA above. With this procedure, a thickness of 100â µm is accomplished with the angle proportion being 10. The confinement of this procedure is the dullness of adjusting the RIE machine. Notwithstanding these methodologies, there are a few different techniques that have been utilized for this reason and incorporate the high perspective business photolithography with photoresists and an UV light source, and the utilization of a photosensitive polyamide with an UV introduction in manufacturing metal molds. The examination by Miyajima and Mehregany (1995) included coordinating the above strategies in past investigations, and tackling the impediments of the investigations to accomplish ease high-viewpoint proportion structures in photolithography. To accomplish this, economically accessible positive photoresists and UV presentation expanding molds were utilized along with electroless nickel plating. In the examination, a 2-3â µm line width was kept up and expanding the photo resists thickness, that the above LIGA approach in photolithography needed. The exploration utilized electrostatic actuator smaller scale machined at 1.5â µ dynamic holes with a polysilicon of up to 5â µm. The distinction in this methodology was that as opposed to expanding the hole tallness, the hole side was expanded. This came about to decreased utilization of high angle proportion structures because of diminished power/torque. This is the principle contrast looking at this methodology and the past methodologies in photolithography. Covering speed was significant in the reason for this exploration. A lower speed of 1000 rpm depicted harsh surfaces in the photoresists and cover wafer separating was little to result to a high goals design. The ideal speed for high goals was set at 2000rpm and a uniform covering, thickness and a smooth last surface was accomplished after the last layer. The prebake temperatures were basic in that an all-inclusive prebake time came about to high-go als with weakened engineer and standard presentation. The prebake temperature extended between 95 and105 oC, with the ideal temperature being set at 100oC. After each layer, prebake was done at a similar temperature to improve drying. This was on the grounds that, prebake in the wake of applying the subsequent layer was seen to result to breaking fundamentally because of lopsided warming in the two layers that came about to stresses, and in the end splitting. The ideal prebake temperature of 100oC at 30 min was chosen as the ideal prebake conditions after each layer. This time was significant in that a short prebake time could have come about to absconds brought about by the staying dissolvable in the photoresis

A Study of Hr Practice Essay Example

A Study of Hr Practice Essay On A Study of HR Practices in ITC Submitted in incomplete satisfaction of the necessity for the honor of level Of Master of Business Administration OF [pic] ITC Ghaziabad [pic] SESSION 2009 Submitted by: Raibahadur Singh Parihar Under the direction of: MR. Ravi karan singh Contents 1. Presentation 2. Affirmation 3. Introduction 4. Target 5. Confirmation of ITC 6. Strategies of ITC 7. Organization profile 8. Development history 9. SWOT Analysis 10. ITC Philosophy 11. HR Management 12. HR Practices at ITC 13. Activity Plan 14. Graphical portrayal of information 15. Research Methodology 16. Poll 7. Results Conclusion 18. Proposal DECLARATION This venture report on â€Å"a investigation of HR rehearses in ITC† in ITC Ghaziabad is put together by me for the incomplete satisfaction of the course of M. B. A from Sikkim Manipal University. This is a unique work done by me expected the direction got which has been appropriately affirmation in the report. This isn't the duplicate of som e other report or any piece of it hasn’t been submitted for the honor of any degree or certificate. Raibahadur Singh Parihar Sikkim Manipal University Acknowledgment I might want to offer my thanks towards Mr. Ravi Karan Singh for the significant direction, oversight and distinct fascination for study, progress and culmination of this venture. I might want to recognize the valuable commitment General Manager H. R. who had been in constant help all through the preparation time frame. I am likewise agile to our employee Mr. Vishal whose valuable direction all through the meeting has been of fearless assistance to us in prepping our self and without which this work wasnt conceivable. I am additionally grateful to my companion Mr. Nitin Shukla (Senior HR Executive) whose help has given this shape to the report. We will compose a custom article test on A Study of Hr Practice explicitly for you for just $16.38 $13.9/page Request now We will compose a custom paper test on A Study of Hr Practice explicitly for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Recruit Writer We will compose a custom paper test on A Study of Hr Practice explicitly for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Recruit Writer Put together by Raibahadur Singh Parihar Sikkim Manipal University Preamble I have made this report as a fundamental piece of IV semester course educational plan of MBA. The title of undertaking is â€Å"a investigation of HR rehearses in ITC† at ITC Ghaziabad. Throughout my preparation I have had the brilliant chance of seeing the down to earth utilization of what ever hypothetical information was conferred to me in a homeroom learns at Learning Point Sec-16 Noida I have had the favorable luck in communicating with the official and representative of ITC Ghaziabad who were warm and genial in their lead toward me. My report essentially centers around â€Å"study of HR rehearses in ITC†. I trust that the finding of the undertaking work must acclimate with the organizations desire recommendation made on that premise must be helpful for the absolute execution of the representatives of the â€Å"ITC Ghaziabad. † Raibahadur Singh Parihar Sikkim Manipal University OBJECTIVE The principle target of the examination is as per the following: ? To know the enlistment choice strategies received in this organization. ? To improve preparing and advancement programs utilized in the organization. To know how the presentation of the workers is being assessed. ? To give better worker government assistance. ? To expand the work profitability. Affirmation of ITC continually attempts to benchmark its items, administrations and procedures to worldwide measures. The Companys quest for greatness has earned it national and universal distinctions. ITC is one of the eight Indian organizations to figure in Forbes A-List for 2004, highlighting 400 of the universes best enormous organizations. Forbes has likewise named ITC among AsiasFab 50 and the Worlds Most Reputable Companies ITC is the main Indian organization and the second on the planet to win the renowned Development Gateway Award. It won the $100,000 Award for the year 2005 for its trailblazing ITC e-Choupal activity which has accomplished the size of a development in provincial India. The Development Gateway Award perceives ITCs e-Choupal as the most model commitment in the field of Information and Communication Technologies (ICT) for advancement during the most recent 10 years. ITC e-Choupal won the Award for the significance of its commitment to advancement needs like destitution decrease, its scale and replicability, manageability and straightforwardness. [pic]ITC has won the debut World Business Award, the overall business grant perceiving organizations who have put forth noteworthy attempts to make supportable employment openings and suffering riches in creating nations. The honor has been founded mutually by the United Nations Development Program (UNDP), International Chamber of Commerce (ICC) and the HRH Prince of Wales International Business Leaders Forum (IBLF). pic]ITC is the main Corporate to get the Annual FICCI Outstanding Vision Corporate Triple Impact Award in 2007 for its priceless commitment to the triple primary concern benchmarks of building financial, social and regular capital for the country. [pic] ITC has won the Golden Peacock Awards for Corporate Social Responsibility (Asia) in 2007, the Award for ‘CSR in Emerging Economies 2 005’ and ‘Excellence in Corporate Governance around the same time. These Awards have been founded by the Institute of Directors, New Delhi, in relationship with the World Council for Corporate Governance and Center for Corporate Governance ITCs cigarette manufacturing plant in Kolkata is the first such unit in Quite a while to get ISO 9000 quality affirmation and the first among cigarette industrial facilities on the planet to be granted the ISO 14001 confirmation [pic] ITC Maurya in New Delhi is the first inn in Quite a while to get the pined for ISO 14001 Environment Management Systems accreditation. pic] ITC Filtrona is the principal cigarette channel organization on the planet to get ISO 14001 [pic] ITC Infotech discovers pride of spot among a select gathering of SEI CMM Level 5 organizations on the planet. [pic] ITCs Green Leaf Threshing plant in Chirala is the first in Quite a while and among the initial 10 units on the planet to sack the Social Accountability (SA 8000) confirmation ITC Chairman Y C Deveshwar has gotten a few distincti ons throughout the years. Eminent among them are: |Year |Award | |2007 |SAM/SPG Sustainability Leadership Award presented at the International Sustainability Leadership| | |Symposium, Zurich. | |2006 |Business Person of the Year from UK Trade Investment, the UK Government association that | |supports abroad organizations in that nation. |2006 |Inducted into the 'Corridor of Pride by the 93rd Indian Science Congress | |2005 |Honoured with the Teachers Lifetime Achievement Award | |2001 |Manager Entrepreneur of the Year from Ernst Young Retail Visionary of the Year from Images, | |Indias just design and retail exchange magazine | |1998 |Honorary Fellowship from the All India Management Association | |1996 |Distinguished Alumni Award from IIT, Delhi | |1994 |Marketing Man of the Year from AM, the main promoting magazine | |1986 |Meridien Hotelier of the Year | ITC has won the Enterprise Business Transformation Award for Asia Pacific (Apac), organized by Infosys Technologies and Wharton School of the University of Pennsylvania for its praised e-Choupal activity. [pic] ITC is the main Indian FMCG Company to have highlighted in the Forbes 2000 rundown. The Forbes 2000 is an exhaustive positioning of the universes greatest organizations, estimated by a composite of deals, benefits, resources and market esteem. The rundown traverses 51 nations and 27 enterprises. [pic]ITC proceeds with its strength of The Economic Times Brand Equity posting of Indias 100 Biggest FMCG Brands, with three brands from its steady creation it to the best five. Gold Flake remains Indias greatest FMCG brand as far as deals. Naval force Cut positions at No. 4. ITCs Scissors brand positions at No 5 and is the main new contestant into the best 10. pic]Restaurant magazine has picked Bukhara at the ITC Maurya, New Delhi as the best Indian eatery on the planet and the best café in Asia. Bukhara has likewise been pronounced one of the best 50 cafés on the planet by the London based magazine The Good Food Guide. Bukhara is the main South Asian café to figure in the rundown. [pic]ITCs Lifestyle Retailing Business Division (LRBD) has won the Best Supply Chain Practices Award for time-successful and cost-productive Logistics Management in Organized Retail. The honors were sorted out by Retailers Association of India (rai) in relationship with ITW Signode the International heads in bundling arrangements. ITC’s advertise systems are: pic] Create different drivers of development by building up an arrangement of world class organizations that best matches authoritative ability with circumstances in residential and send out business sectors. [pic] Continue to concentrate on the picked arrangement of FMCG, Hotels, Paper, Paperboards Packaging, Agri Business and Information Technology. Benchmark the wellbeing of every business exhaustively over the measures of Market Standing, Profitability and Internal Vitality. [pic] Ensure that every one of its organizations is world class and universally serious. [pic] Enhance the serious intensity of the portfolio through collaborations inferred by mixing the assorted aptitudes and capacities dwelling in ITC’s different organizations. pic] Create appropriated administration inside the association by supporting gifted and centered top supervisory crews for every one of the organizations. [pic]Continuously reinforce and refine Corporate Governance procedures and frameworks to catalyze the pioneering energies of the executives by finding some kind of harmony between official opportunity and the requirement for powerful control and responsibility. |[pic] | |Sustain ITCs position as one of Indias most important companies through world cl

Sylvia Plaths Poems free essay sample

An examination of the impact of mainstream society in the sonnets The Thin People and Mirror. This paper talks about two sonnets by Sylvia Plath, and gives an intensive examination of every sonnet. The paper centers around the impact of mainstream society in every one of these works. These sonnets are talked about as per their noteworthiness as Plaths expansion of her contemplations on the way of life of todays world, that is, what are the patterns, the distractions, and social issues that individuals face today. Specifically, the sonnets show that society is excessively silly because of the high worth it puts on the goals of slimness and excellence. The paper incorporates a concise history of Sylvia Plath. Most works of writing mirrors a people culture and society, and it is obvious that the greater part of the scholarly works that were composed by well known specialists apparently has hints of the sort of society and culture that craftsman had lived and experienced. We will compose a custom exposition test on Sylvia Plaths Poems or then again any comparative point explicitly for you Don't WasteYour Time Recruit WRITER Just 13.90/page Sylvia Plath is a case of an abstract craftsman that represents in her sonnets a profound impact of the general public she has grown up with.

Ethics and Evolutionary Games - 2200 Words

Ethics and Evolutionary Games (Research Paper Sample) Content: Ethics and the Rational Choice Game Theory Author's Name Institutional Affiliation Ethics and the Rational Choice Game Theory Introduction For the past years, an elusive consensus among the contemporary philosophers trying to identify the issue of self-deception has been their prime agenda. Self-deception is an ambiguous paradigm and entails various paradoxical elements making it an ethical behavior of interest. By definition, self-deception is the situation where an individual misleads oneself to accept a claim about ourselves to be valid and true whereas they are invalid and not true (Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy, 2012). The term has had a lot of discussions and often argued to be a phenomenon that is impossible. The term, therefore, contrasts the ethical behaviors which are the acts that are inconsistent with the values that the society and other people perceive to be good. This essay will aim at exploring self-deception as a real world phenomenon using the classical model as an original game theoretic model. The Problem Statement Traditionally, the issue has been modeled from interpersonal deception, a situation whereby a person A intentionally makes the other B believe that a particular phenomenon P while knowing that the proposition P is wrong. Such acts are intentional and the needs the deceiver to have the knowledge or believe the negativity of the proposition whereas the deceived believes in its validity. In such a case, a clear distinction is made between a mere error and intentional mistakes. Therefore, modeling self-deception from interpersonal deception reveals that the deceiver à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‹Å"intentionally' makes them believe literally that the proposition at hand is right with the awareness that is false. Thus, several aspects hold regarding the issue which is holding a contrary belief and the intentional getting to hold certain beliefs as true but are wrong. As a result, two paradoxes have emerged regarding the issue of self-deception. The first is the à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‹Å"static' paradox which concerns the state of the mind of the deceiver. It tends to elaborate how a person holds contradictory beliefs simultaneously. The second is the à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‹Å"strategic' or à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‹Å"dynamic' paradox which explains the dynamics and the processes of self-deception. For example, describing how a person can deceive oneself without the reasoning that the intentions of such actions are ineffective. However, it is worth noting that any form of induced or forced self-deception is not covered in this analysis since the model and theory fails to create assumptions for it (Schlink Constantine,  2007). The Prisoners Dilemma The issue of self-deception can be explained using the prisoner's dilemma model. It involves two individuals characterized as à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‹Å"rational' that have small probabilities of cooperating though such cooperation is for their good. It entails a decision analysis paradox where the two persons act in accordance with their interests so that they can pursue a particular course of action which does not necessarily result in ideal outcomes for both of them. This model is designed in a way that either party will protect itself at the other's expense. The intention is to formulate a logical strategy that entices them to help themselves out of a dire situation, but they end up in a state worse than when they would have cooperated and worked together in the entire process of decision making. The jury decides to offer them a chance to bargain for this freedom. Each of them is given two opportunities; cooperating with the accomplice by remaining silent or betraying the partner through testimony that the accomplice did commit the crime in hand. The source of the dilemma is the chance created by the jury. "If both prisoners betray each other, they serve a specified period. If one prisoner betrays the other, and the second remains silent, then the betrayer is set free, and the silent prisoner is sentenced to a longer period than when they both betray each other. The final offer is for both of them to remain silent under which they will be sentenced to the least prison term than the above to conditions and on lesser charges. The dilemma is that none of the convicts is aware of the decision that is to be made by the other. Self-deception as an Intentionalism Model The intentions that the actors have formed the basis through which this model will be formulated. With it, there is the capability of defining the final decision making process as well as the intentions of the self-deceiving individual. This model will assign a numerical utility to each decision that will be made. Precisely, a will denote a possible action, S will represent the possible option, P(S) is the probability that an action S will occur, and u(A,S) is the utility associated with action a under the state S: Expected Intention=sà ¢Ã‹â€ Ã‹â€ Sp (s) ÃŽÂ ¼ (a, s) The specification and the existence of the intention is vital to the biasing procedure of the entire self-deceptive process. Many theories maximize the expected utility, hence in this model, a maximized expected utility over the intention will be defined as the Expected Intention Utility (EIU). The Expected Intention Utility of a particular intention is the expected utility that the actor expects assuming that the intentions they have will be accurate. The EIU is evaluated with Pi(s) being the probability following an intention i of a state s happening and ai is the decision that would be preferred under a specific intention i: EIU=sà ¢Ã‹â€ Ã‹â€ Spi (s) ÃŽÂ ¼ (ai, s) Alternatively, one can include the selection of an action ai in the equation so that the EIU is redefined as: EIU (i)=maxà ¢Ã‚ Ã‚ ¡(sà ¢Ã‹â€ Ã‹â€ Spisu(a,s)) The processes of making a certain option out of the ones presented is expected to maximize the utility at all points of equilibriums. This can be denoted as: Pà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ² = argmax EIU (i) bà ¢Ã‹â€ Ã‹â€ B This information of the expected intention can be elaborated using an example. Using the prisoner's dilemma model, the dilemma can be expressed of a simple decision making problem that entails two states as presented in the table below. An assumption is then made that the best outcome from the options presented is that the intentions of both actors coincide. Another assumption is that the worst outcomes are their intentions to differ and the repercussions for each be different. After making the assumptions, the possible ordering preferences of the choices that remain are two: and a à ¢Ã¢â‚¬ °Ã‚ » c à ¢Ã¢â‚¬ °Ã‚ ¥ b à ¢Ã¢â‚¬ °Ã‚ » d and a à ¢Ã¢â‚¬ °Ã‚ » b à ¢Ã¢â‚¬ °Ã‚ ¥ c à ¢Ã¢â‚¬ °Ã‚ » d. The latter ordering of preferences represents the actors remaining silent regarding their dilemma. Since the behavior, however, coincides with the intentions that the prisoner's have, then the following preferential ordering has to be considered: a à ¢Ã¢â‚¬ °Ã‚ » c à ¢Ã¢â‚¬ °Ã‚ ¥ b à ¢Ã¢â‚¬ °Ã‚ » d. If numerical values are assigned to the utilities, then, it is possible to determine the hypothetical action that is informed their intention and the expected utility following the action under the EIU. For instance, with the intention i where the prisoners remain silent, the expected utility of deciding to remain silent will be greater than that of speaking up. Concretely, 1ÃÆ'—3+0ÃÆ'—1 1ÃÆ'—0+0ÃÆ'—2. Hence, remaining silent is chosen to inform the EIU calculations of intention i. When an action is selected based on an intention, the EIU becomes the EU of the selected action under that given intention. For the example above, EIU(i)= 1ÃÆ'—3+0ÃÆ'—1 = 3. When the EIU value of each prisoner is determined, the subsequent process of maximization designates the prisoner's intention and the highest EIU value being the intention denoted as i, the intention is that they will remain silent and cooperate. Prisoner's Dilemma Prisoners remaining silent Prisoners speaking up Remaining silent Deciding to speak up a d b c Intention Assimilation and Decision Making The rationale of intention assimilation and the decision-making phases is in the process, choosing an act and putting into consideration both the desired intentions Pà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ²and the rational intention P. This model suggests that the manner through which the ultimate conclusion is reached depends upon the magnitude as well as the form of self-deception that is used. They include self-deception based that the intentions that are desired are true, and self-deception based that the intentions are false. The latter can be defined as pessimistic self-deception and the former is the optimistic self-deception. Simulation In this phase, the formulated framework of self-deception will be presented in the perspective of the game theory simulation known as the rational choice theory. Thus, an illustration of the behavior of the self-deceptive agents and the rational decision makers will be made and discuss the interactions between them. The rational choice theory, is a framework through which an understanding of particular economic and social behavior is made. The underlying assumption of this theory is that various social behaviors emerge from the individual actor behaviors that have to make their decisions. The person should be given a preference among several options that are available, giving them a chance to decide the option they deem to as most viable. Further, it stipulates that the decision made should always maximize the outcomes expected. To cast this theory into a form that is amenable with the formulated model, the intentions need to probabilistically presented. The theory mainly focuses on the equilibrium approach in which the utility presented for the actors is common knowledge. Since the prisoner's dilemma presents a phenomenon where the actors have no knowledge of the other's preference, thus a probabilistic approach of the game will be suitable. The initial inte...

The Problem Of The Trading Bloc - 1398 Words

The trading bloc is made up of the following five stages that are progressive: Free Trade Area, the Customs Union, Common Market, Economic Union, and Political Union (Satterlee, 2014). The stages are ranked according to the level of priority of integration (Satterlee, 2014). Although each aspect of the building bloc has its purpose, this paper singles out the Common Market as its priority key concept. However, migration is affected by the Common Market and this paper will use the aid of the â€Å"Cross Border Commerce With Biblical Worldview Applications† textbook as well as the following five articles that designate migration to stem from the Common Market: â€Å"From Migration Regime to Regional Citizenry: Migration and Identity Implications of the East African Common Market† by Sabastiano Rwengabo (2015); â€Å"Migration and Policies in the European Union: Highly Skilled Mobility, Free Movement of Labour and Recognition of Diplomas† by Joao Peixoto (2001); â€Å"Social Policy in the European Union: Variety and Challenges† by Lina Rutkauskiene (2010) â€Å"International Labour Migration Within a Common Market: Some Aspects of EC Experience† by Thomas Straubhaar (1988); â€Å"Labour Migration - Its Drivers and Consequences for the Economy† by Miroslava Szarkova and Lubomira Gertler (2012). Keywords: Common Market (CM), migration, economic integration Common Market Key Term and Why You Are Interested in It I chose the key concept of the â€Å"Common Market† because it is a component of the fiveShow MoreRelatedFree Trade Blocs, A Major Step Towards Economic Integration1076 Words   |  5 PagesFree Trade Blocs Free trade blocs are intergovernmental agreements that limit regional barriers to trade by integrating different economies. The four types of trade blocs are Preferential Trade Area, Free Trade Area, Customs Union, and Common Market. The specific trade blocs included in this analysis are Mercosur, North American Free Trade Agreement, European Union. 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The Declaration Of Independence Of The United States Of...

Throughout our course readings, lectures, class examples and so forth, we have identified multiple flaws in some of our oldest documents, which has served as the foundation of Justice in the United States of America. However, throughout history we’ve also witnessed and learned about events, presidential terms, and cultural and demographic evidence that show how the Pillars of Citizenship have not successfully worked toward the achievement of significant milestones that pertain to nationalization, globalization and equality up to this very day. The Declaration of Independence states that every citizen is granted the right to life, liberty and pursuit of happiness. Furthermore, it marks the groundbreaking turning point in American history where the United States gained its independence from the British Government. Since then, the Declaration of Independence argues on the people’s behalf for civil protection, and to a certain extent, negates government power. Embedded in t he Declaration, it states â€Å"whenever any form of government becomes destructive of these ends (revolution), it is the right of the people to alter or abolish it† and â€Å"it is their right, it is their duty to throw off such government and to provide new guards for their future security† (Week 2 Foundations and Contradictions ppt.). However, counter to all of the positives in the Declaration of Independence, which is perceived as a well-respected document that ensures each person’s right to life, liberty andShow MoreRelatedThe Declaration Of Independence And The United States Of America Essay1431 Words   |  6 PagesThe Declaration of Independence allowed the colonies of the United States of America their own governmental structure. After the war with Britain, the United States sought out a structure giving the citizens of America their own rights. 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The unanimous Declaration of the thirteen united States of America, When in the Course of human events, it becomes necessary for one people to dissolve the political bands which have connected them with another, and to assume among the powers of the earth, the separate and equal station to which the Laws of Nature and of Natures God entitle them, a decent respect to the opinions of mankind requires that they should declare the causes which impel them to the separationRead MoreThe Declaration Of Independence And The Second President Of The United States Of America1656 Words   |  7 PagesThomas Jefferson, writer of the Declaration of Independence and the third president of the United States of America, was born on April 13, 1743. The future president was born to the parents of Peter Jefferson, a well-known and successful planter, and Jane Randolph, a prominent member of a very well-known and distinguished Virginian family. 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This document has been fundamental to american history longer than any other text because it was the first text to use â€Å"The United States of America† and in a sense the Declaration was the birth certificate of the American nationRead MoreGovernmental Foundation in the Declaration of Independence Essay867 Words   |  4 PagesJuly 4, 1776, the United States of Americas Declaration of Independence was adopted by the Second Continental Congress, in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. This document, primarily written by Thomas Jefferson, announced that the thirteen colonies were declaring their independence and, in doing so, were independent states apart from the British Empire. The Declaration of Independence is comprised mainly of colonial grievances and assertions of human rights. The Declaration of Independence formed a profoundRead MoreThe Declaration of Independence: Americas Foundation Essay example1229 Words   |  5 Pagesissue the Declaration of Independence being a legal document has been up for debate in courts for many years now. Although, the Declaration of Independence clarifies the United States identity as a free nation, it has generated intense controversy. Some feel strongly that it did not clearly define the new powers that the thirteen colonies would acquire and did not define the identity of the United States; while, others firmly believe that without the Declaration of Independence the United States wouldRead MoreThe Declaration, Facts And Emotions909 Words   |  4 PagesThe Declaration, Facts and Emotions for Independence The 4th of July, the United States of America’s very-own birthday, a day of celebration of its citizens God-given rights and liberties, and its independence from the crown of Great Britain. If America was â€Å"born† on the 4th of July in the year 1776, then The Declaration of Independence could be considered its very own birth certificate. The Declaration of Independence, as time has proven, is one of the most successful arguments ever made byRead MoreThe Declaration of Independence1200 Words   |  5 Pages The Declaration of Independence is one of the most remarkable documents of the United States of America. The elaborate document contains almost fourteen-hundred words including a basic structure divided into two parts and within the two divided parts contains four main ideas within seven components. The declaration is not just any standard written document; it is a work of art painted by colonists who are driven by rage because of King George III of Great Britain injustices’ toward the colonies The Declaration of Independence of the United States of... IN CONGRESS, July 4, 1776. The unanimous Declaration of the thirteen united States of America, When in the Course of human events, it becomes necessary for one people to dissolve the political bands which have connected them with another, and to assume among the powers of the earth, the separate and equal station to which the Laws of Nature and of Natures God entitle them, a decent respect to the opinions of mankind requires that they should declare the causes which impel them to the separation. We hold these truths to be self-evident, that all men are created equal, that they are endowed by their Creator with certain unalienable Rights, that among these are Life, Liberty and the pursuit of Happiness.--That to secure these rights,†¦show more content†¦He has combined with others to subject us to a jurisdiction foreign to our constitution, and unacknowledged by our laws; giving his Assent to their Acts of pretended Legislation: For Quartering large bodies of armed troops among us: For protecting them, by a mock Trial, from punishment for any Murders which they should commit on the Inhabitants of these States: For cutting off our Trade with all parts of the world: For imposing Taxes on us without our Consent: For depriving us in many cases, of the benefits of Trial by Jury: For transporting us beyond Seas to be tried for pretended offences For abolishing the free System of English Laws in a neighbouring Province, establishing therein an Arbitrary government, and enlarging its Boundaries so as to render it at once an example and fit instrument for introducing the same absolute rule into these Colonies: For taking away our Charters, abolishing our most valuable Laws, and altering fundamentally the Forms of our Governments: For suspending our own Legislatures, and declaring themselves invested with power to legislate for us in all cases whatsoever. He has abdicated Government here, by declaring us out of his Protection and waging War against us. He has plundered our seas, ravaged our Coasts, burnt our towns, and destroyed the lives of our people. He is at this time transporting large Armies of foreign Mercenaries to compleat the works ofShow MoreRelatedThe Declaration Of Independence And The United States Of America Essay1431 Words   |  6 PagesThe Declaration of Independence allowed the colonies of the United States of America their own governmental structure. After the war with Britain, the United States sought out a structure giving the citizens of America their own rights. These rights include: freedom of speech, life, liberty, and the pursuit of happiness, freedom of religion, the ability to make their own decisions, own form of government and taxation and more. The declaration was made by the merchant class of America, the foundingRead MoreThe Declaration Of Independence Of The United States Of America Essay1481 Words   |  6 Pageswhich has served as the foundation of Justice in the United States of America. However, throughout history we’ve also witnessed and learned about events, presidential terms, and c ultural and demographic evidence that show how the Pillars of Citizenship have not successfully worked toward the achievement of significant milestones that pertain to nationalization, globalization and equality up to this very day. The Declaration of Independence states that every citizen is granted the right to life, libertyRead MoreThe Declaration Of Independence And The United States Of America1062 Words   |  5 Pages The United States of America is known as a place of God-given rights and equality for a diverse group of people. Since the founding of America, it was built off of the blood, sweat, and tears of immigrates. Yet, since the primeval years of this nation’s commencement, African American women rights have been adjusted or eliminatedRead MoreThe Declaration Of Independence And The United States Of America Essay1411 Words   |  6 Pagesour oldest documents, which have served as the foundation of the United States of America. Throughout history we’ve witnessed events, presidential terms, and cultural and demographical evidence that show how the Pillars of Citizenship have not successfully worked toward executing the achievement of important milestones amongst nationalization, globalization and equality up to this very day. The Declaration of Independence states that every citizen is granted the right to life, liberty and pursuitRead MoreThe Declaration Of Independence And The Second President Of The United States Of America1656 Words   |  7 PagesThomas Jefferson, writer of the Declaration of Independence and the third president of the United States of America, was born on April 13, 1743. The future president was born to the parents of Peter Jefferson, a well-known and successful planter, and Jane Randolph, a prominent member of a very well-known and distinguished Virginian family. Jefferson was the third of ten children who were raised on the Shadwell slave plantation in Virginia. Starting from the early age of nine, Thomas Jefferson beganRead MoreThe Declaration Of Independence : What Shaped And Provided The Freedom The United States Of America1030 Words   |  5 PagesAbstract The declaration of Independence is what shaped and provided the freedom the United States of America has today. The Declaration of Independence today is looked at a symbol for America to reflect on as it paved the way for most of the rights we have today. This document has been fundamental to american history longer than any other text because it was the first text to use â€Å"The United States of America† and in a sense the Declaration was the birth certificate of the American nationRead MoreGovernmental Foundation in the Declaration of Independence Essay867 Words   |  4 PagesJuly 4, 1776, the United States of Americas Declaration of Independence was adopted by the Second Continental Congress, in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. This document, primarily written by Thomas Jefferson, announced that the thirteen colonies were declaring their independence and, in doing so, were independent states apart from the British Empire. The Declaration of Independence is comprised mainly of colonial grievances and assertions of human rights. The Declaration of Independence formed a profoundRead MoreThe Declaration of Independence: Americas Foundation Essay example1229 Words   |  5 Pagesissue the Declaration of Independence being a legal document has been up for debate in courts for many years now. Although, the Declaration of Independence clarifies the United States identity as a free nation, it has generated intense controversy. Some feel strongly that it did not clearly define the new powers that the thirteen colonies would acquire and did not define the identity of the United States; while, others firmly believe that without the Declaration of Independence the United States wouldRead MoreThe Declaration, Facts And Emotions909 Words   |  4 PagesThe Declaration, Facts and Emotions for Independence The 4th of July, the United States of America’s very-own birthday, a day of celebration of its citizens God-given rights and liberties, and its independence from the crown of Great Britain. If America was â€Å"born† on the 4th of July in the year 1776, then The Declaration of Independence could be considered its very own birth certificate. The Declaration of Independence, as time has proven, is one of the most successful arguments ever made byRead MoreThe Declaration of Independence1200 Words   |  5 Pages The Declaration of Independence is one of the most remarkable documents of the United States of America. The elaborate document contains almost fourteen-hundred words including a basic structure divided into two parts and within the two divided parts contains four main ideas within seven components. The declaration is not just any standard written document; it is a work of art painted by colonists who are driven by rage because of King George III of Great Britain injustices’ toward the colonies

Life on a Small Farm free essay sample

To me every hour of the day and night is an unspeakably perfect miracle. Walter Chrysler. This is the first time I really observed my farm in great detail. I found things I never knew were there. I watched the animals and found out things about them that I never knew before. I’m really grateful to be living on a farm even though it’s a lot of work. Its an eighty-degree day in the middle of October. The sun is shining, the sky is clear, and everything is full of life. The trees are ruffled by the warm breeze. The reds, oranges, and yellows of the trees contrast the blue sky perfectly. The young roosters practice their crowing but sound like a childs strangled cry. The talkative ducks sit and quack, having a conversation amongst themselves. The goats scream, wanting to be let out of their pen so they can munch on the last of the green grass. The pesky Asian beetles swarm my house, scurrying around, trying to find a warm place for the winter. The dogs sit out in the sun, chewing on sticks, appreciating a lazy day. When the big, green truck comes, the dogs jump up and race to herd it. The old, lady dog jumps at the truck, chewing on its fender, leaving scratches. The truck comes to a stop and she goes back to her spot on the ground to take a nap. But when someone starts to work on the ground, she’s right there â€Å"helping you. She gets in your face, wanting attention. Once you yell at her and tell her to go and lay down, she slowly walks back and lays in the sun. The outdoor cat stalks some small animal in the brush. But the young black lab finds the outdoor cat and breaks his concentration. The young dog gives him a lick and the cat sits there in disgust. Finally, the cat gets tired of the young lab’s behavior. He then swats the dog and walks away. The young dog decides to leave the cat alone for now, bu t will probably be back to torment the cat once more. The cat walks over to the sand pile and rolls in it. He appreciates the warm sand; the dust makes his black fur look lighter. The dust covers up his gray hair. Now he is napping in the dust with the sun feeling like a warm blanket. He is content. The rabbits are in one big pen. In this one pen, they lay in the hay and cuddle with each other or chase each other around. One lays on a box in the pen so the others don’t find her. It gives her a break from the others who chase her. The water on the pond shimmers when the sun hits it. People work outside, the sweat glistening on their brows. It’s another busy day on the farm, and there is much to be done in preparation for winter. Dusk rolls around on this very warm day, and it starts to cool off. The bugs all stop buzzing and everything is getting sleepy. When the sun sets, a glorious mixture of pinks, purples, and oranges emerges, creating a picture-perfect sunset. The obnoxious mosquitos come out to play, biting every warm blooded creature they can find. The goats willingly return to their pen after a long day of playing and grazing. The dogs beg for their supper, then retire for the night. The tired people wrap up their work and retreat inside to settle down. It has been another busy day on the small farm and everyone is exhausted. The chickens start to roost in their barn, and the ducks huddle in a corner with their bills tucked under their wings. As the sun sets, planets start to become visible. Following them are the stars. The smell of smoke comes from the small campfire thats burning brightly in the growing darkness. People stand around the fire and roast marshmallows and hot dogs. The smell of burnin g sugar is apparent as well as the smell of cooking hot dogs. Everyone enjoys watching the fire change from blue, to red, then orange, and back again. There is a piece of wood that is charred and black on the outside, but on the inside it is glowing with a fiery orange.The fire has been put out and the dogs and people go inside to settle down.Night is upon the farm. Its a warm, breezy night in October. My eyes slowly adjust to the darkness. The stars become crystal clear and quickly catch my attention. Some stars shine more brightly than others, reminding me of how stars are just like humans. Some shine more brightly than others. The Milky Way becomes clear and there are millions of stars, I can see constellations like the Big Dipper, and Orion is starting to peek up on the horizon. Satellites race across the sky, unaware of where they are going, cursed to a lifetime of going around in circles. There are few lonely clouds in the distance. The few distant clouds are illuminated by the city lights of the small town Mahtowa. I peer down at the ground from my deck;I cant see anything. The ground is a black abyss. Looking straight ahead, I find that I cant see the green field or the thick woods. Everything has been engulfed by darkness. Even the fall colors that were so bright during the day time that they were almost impossible to overlook are blac k. Everything is asleep. Creatures like owls, coyotes, and weasels come out to play in the night. You can hear the coyotes in the distance. They are laughing and howling. The dog gets up and barks at the dark, protecting us from anything that might be lurking in the shadows. She can sense the tiniest noise of a field mouse running through the fallen leaves or a slight breeze in the trees. She lets out a small woof, letting the darkness know that she is a tough dog. When the coast is clear, she saunters back into the garage and goes to bed. Everything is finally asleep. Like Walter Chryslers wise words, I have come to realize that every hour of every day is a miracle that is perfect. That there are small treasures in everyday life that most people overlook. Despite the hard work of living on a farm, there are good things that can come from it. I like living amongst all of these animals; they have become my family. There is beauty in everything, and, once in awhile, we should stop and appreciate these beautiful things, because one day, it might be too late.

The Circle Of Fire Essays - Lines Of Latitude, Plate Tectonics

The Circle of Fire The secrets of the Circle of Fire lies somewhere deep into the Earths formation about 4.5 - 5 billion years ago. The Circle of Fire is a ring of volcanic mountains that Borders the coasts of North and South America, along with Asia and Thialand. It also forms a semi-cirlce from the southern tip of South America to Australia. The Earth is about 4.5 - 5 billion Years old. Whereas man's recorded history is only about 5000 years old.(Circle of fire page 3) The Earth is made up of 3 different layers 1- The Crust, the Crust is the very top layer of the earth that we live on, it consits of 7 different crustal plates. 2- The mantle which is the middle layer, This is made of a liquid plastic type of material called magma, This material is constantly flowing which causes the crustal plates to shift.3- The Inner Core, this is the very center of the Earth, Scientists aren't positive but they believe that it is solid lava. About 80% of the worlds Earthquakes occur in the Circle of Fire. (The Circle of Fire p. 13) They happen in a narrow belt of faults that run parallel with the equator from North and South America to Asia. In 1950 an Expidition from Scripps Institute of Oceanography while exploring the sea floor off the coast of California discoverd fracture Zones.(Circle of Fire p 17) These fracture zones run parallel with the equator from North and South America to Asia down to Thailand as well. Often these fracture zones are not deep but they run ten to twenty miles wide. And amazingly the run in an almost equal distance of about 400 - 500 miles long. The Circle of Fire is a mysterious place. Though no one knows how it was formed , scientists believe they are close, They also believe that once they uncover its secrets, they will be able to answer many of the unsolved questions of the Earths Formation.

Comparing The Black Cat and The Fall of the House of Usher

Comparing The Black Cat and The Fall of the House of Usher Free Online Research Papers The Black Cat and The Fall of the House of Usher are two very different yet parallel stories. For example, though the stories are different, Poe uses very similar themes for both of them. One theme is Passion. In both the stories, one of the main characters has had a passion for something or the other- The Black Cat: the narrator’s passion for animals and in The Fall of the House of Usher: Roderick Usher’s passion for music and the arts. Poe shows that passion can be expressed in many ways, no matter what state of mind the person is in. Perhaps this could be an indirect reference to himself, how, though he was an opium addict, he had a passion for writing and the opium did not stop him from expressing it. Another common theme between the two stories is struggle- trying to get out of a situation when you just cannot. In The Black Cat, the narrator tries to escape from the guilt of killing Pluto, but cannot, so he ends up killing his wife. He could not do anything to stop himself from behaving the way he did. This is extremely similar to The Fall of the House of Usher where Roderick Usher is trying to escape from the mental illness that he has. Asking his childhood friend to visit, he had hoped that it could help bring him out of his shell, maybe just miraculously cure him, but it does not. In the end, just like the narrator in The Black Cat, he ends up loosing something extremely precious- his life. Poe also uses Single Unifying Effect in both stories. Five examples of him using it in The Black Cat are: The voice from the tomb (the scream); the death of Pluto, his first cat; the ruining of his house; the murder of his wife and the image of the Gallows. Research Papers on Comparing The Black Cat and The Fall of the House of UsherMind TravelThe Masque of the Red Death Room meaningsCapital PunishmentWhere Wild and West MeetBook Review on The Autobiography of Malcolm XHip-Hop is ArtThe Fifth HorsemanComparison: Letter from Birmingham and CritoThe Hockey GameHonest Iagos Truth through Deception

Carillon Tower Design and Construction Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Carillon Tower Design and Construction - Essay Example A client may select a specific site for a tower, or look for the advice of the architect. The architect carries out a complete site analysis before beginning any design. The architect illustrates and documents the topography, climatic conditions, traffic and roadways, landscape features, existing buildings, solar orientation, and pedestrian access in different plan views of the site. This site data is studied carefully alongside the objectives of the project in order to determine the best orientation and location of the tower (Sutt et al. 2013). ii. Appropriate listening area isolated from noise and traffic, accessibility, quality of views and landscape, ample distance from tower as a function of tower height, accessibility of seating, and other amenities that boost the listening experience. iii. Impact on neighboring community- (Negative: potential â€Å"nuisance† element of unrestrained sound, positive: a source of community pride and symbolism.). Through site examination, the architect may notice that a present tower has some faults with regard to siting or an area preferred by the client is not the best site for the tower. The architect is obliged to advice the client accordingly in this regard. Before arriving at a final decision, all parties must comprehend the pros and cons of prospective sites. The actual design of the tower can begin once a site is agreed on and the framework for the tower is identified (Sutt et al. 2013). During past years, many towers were made of masonry construction-brick or stone walls often with brick for most of the wall thickness and stone on the outside. These types of towers effectively resisted both axial and lateral loads because of their sheer mass. The introduction of reinforced concrete technology in the last century enabled the construction of beam frames and rigid concrete

The Achievement of Desire by Richard Rodriguez Essay

The Achievement of Desire by Richard Rodriguez - Essay Example Both parents were unable to assist him in his assignments. They have no knowledge to share with. They cannot relate to his unexplainable desire to learn and succeed. They were even the source of his humiliation in school for not being able to write, much more speak in clear and grammatically-correct English. They did not even have the idea of the nature of his accomplishments, his trophies and awards . . . but they were surely proud of him though Richard was not. Despite this, his parents were truly supportive of him and his endeavors. They never complained of his lack of participation in the household chores, his diminishing respect towards his parents during short conversations, his increasing expenses brought about by his refusal to stop reading even during nighttime that required additional electrical expenses, and so on. Richard on the other hand seemed to grow more impatient about his parents’ situation and their behavior. He felt ashamed upon hearing his parents talk in a way that his teachers in school totally abhor. There were times when he felt compelled to directly teach (or preach) his parents in his frustrating attempt to correct their attitude, more so their grammar. Richard seemed to forget that his parents were not Americans, thus, their mistakes in grammar and diction. He also seemed to forget that his parents did not receive higher education, not because of their own fault, but because their parents failed to give them the opportunity to attend formal school at the proper time. What Richard had in mind during the early part of the essay was that it was shameful to have them as parents and they will never contribute to his dream of success. The Achievement of Desire 2 Contrary thereto, Richard looked up to his teachers as his idols. He appreciated his teachers’ manner of communicating, their seemingly endless flow of ideas, their educated manner of presenting themselves, and almost everything about them. Thus, at an early age, Ric hard came to a conclusion that the easiest way to succeed is to mimic his teachers. He listened to them carefully, tried to understand and memorize their statements, and used exactly the same sentences in class. He did everything to get his teachers’ appreciation and approval. Every small achievement that he made, whether it was mere reading of a good book, or a citation in a competition, he proudly and timely reported to his teachers, with the expectation that they would complement and appreciate him, to the dismay of his classmates. On the contrary, he never made the same effort toward his parents. Despite his awareness that his parents will surely be proud of any achievement he had, he underestimated their capacity to understand the nature of his accomplishments. He never regarded his parents’ appreciation as something to be proud of. What was more important to him was the appreciation of his learned and educated teachers. Richard took every opportunity to learn. He did not stop learning in school. Even when he was home, he would bring books with him and read them. In the same way that he appreciated his teachers, Richard took note of the ideas he got from his readings. And as expected, he made use of these lines in his recitations and reports. Truly, the lessons he learned from his teachers and books were reflected in his writings. However, it is disheartening to learn that Richard came to realize the true meaning of success and knowledge quite belatedly. He was already in his thirties when he learned to confront himself and accept his negative side. Although quite late, Richard accepted the fact that he was not a good student after all. He had lots of ideas, but none of them were original. They The

Research Investigation Essay Example for Free

Research Investigation Essay A research investigation on what specific skills an actor would need learn in order to convincingly portray the role of Silvio in Carlo Goldoni’s, A Servant of Two Masters. Carlo Goldoni wrote the comedy â€Å"Arlecchino servitore di due padroni†, which translates into modern English as The Servant of Two Masters, a commedia dell’Arte-style play. The performers of Commedia were often illiterate, and as such there was no point to write down scripts and record the performance, it was improvised and modified, preserving the aspects the audience found amusing and excluding those that were less successful. In this way, Carlo Goldoni’s writing down of the play strictly goes against commedia traditions, as it is not the way things were done when it was originally staged. Despite performing all their plays in Italian for the first twenty or so years, Commedia troops had phenomenal success, perhaps because the slapstick nature of their comedy mingled with its vulgar humor was relatively easy to follow. The themes of the play, including love, romance, deception and the status between masters and servants, combine to create an enjoyable and greatly comical performance. The play also scrutinizes social boundaries that were once present. Such as, the idea of a woman being dressed as a man this was much more controversial in the 1700’s and especially a woman who defeats a man in combat, as Beatrice (comes to Venice dressed as a man in search of her beloved Florindo, She is also a part of the first lover couple along with Florindo) defeats Silvio. Smereldina (the maid of Clarice, she is an extremely feisty and slightly bitter character who wants more than anything to find a man and get married) also confronts Silvio and scorns him, which is something unparalleled in that time, a woman of the serving class reprimanding a man of status. The play also explores the lengths people will go to for the sake of love, the hopelessness of Florindo (a man banished from his home in Turin for his murder of Federigo Rasponi, and the lover of Beatrice who comes in search of him) and Beatrice’s relationship to find each other, as well as commenting on the importance of never giving up hope, because as they are about to kill themselves they find each other again. This is also reflected in the many difficult predicaments Truffaldino (the servant of both Florindo and Beatrice, he is a mischievous, hungry man who is seeking ways to better himself, he is comic relief and also the main protagonist) finds himself in, as no matter how hopeless his situation looks, he keeps on envisaging himself getting out of his tricky situations and eventually he does get out of trouble. The behavior by those of the dominant class of the servants is a very noticeable theme of the time period, and an important social observation. The serving class of Truffaldino, Smereldina and the Porter (she carries the bags places at different times during the play and has a fairly rough time of it, carrying very heavy loads only to be ridiculed and left unrewarded for her labor) are regarded with little respect and trust throughout the entirety of the play. As the early performers of this play were more than likely lower class individuals, this play is an insightful parody of their own difficulties. Commedia dell’Arte is an Italian theater style, characterized by masked performers and improvised scenes based on simplistic scenarios. Carlo Goldoni categorized four elemental types of stock characters in Italian comedy: Pantaloon, a miserly Venetian merchant, easy to anger, disrespected by everyone and a born loser; Dottore, a pedantic lawyer-type from Bologna; Brighella, a serenading servant who enjoys thieving, and bragging; and Arlecchino, a basically thoughtless servant permanently in despair over unreturned love. A Servant of Two Masters is set in Venice in the 1700’s, and would have been performed by a travelling troop of commedia actors. As such, they would have had very limited set facilities, and their performances staged outdoors, meaning they would have to allow for surrounding noises such as wind when performing. Throughout this research investigation it will be delving into what specific skills I must learn in order to convincingly portray the role of Silvio in Carlo Goldoni’s, A Servant of Two Masters. There is a catch when one decides to take on the task and portray the role of Silvio in The Servant of Two Masters and that is that the comic instincts of a skilled actor need to conquer a tendency to be a servant to the text. It has been said that commedia is the riskiest form of comedy. That being said, it is worth the risk. When the flash of inspired improvisation hits an actor it is like a whirlwind and time seems to be in a complete interruption while a phenomenon takes place. Fortunately Goldoni’s writing is so perfectly composed and clinging to fundamental Commedia dell’Arte form that it allows one to understand how to perform below, within and around the text itself. Focusing on the lovers, they are the sons and daughters of characters who are also high on the social ladder; this is where Silvio finds himself in The Servant of Two Masters. The lovers in this play (Silvio and Clarice) are not only infatuated with each other they are extraordinarily infatuated with themselves. More often than not, they are only with one another because the other person makes them look better. They argue often, making a big melodramatic show out of their blubbering and attempting to top the others grief; yet they immediately make amends when they receive a flattering remark about their appearance. They speak in a distinguished, pretentious and flowery language: â€Å"If I could think that you desired my blood to avenge my supposed cruelty, I give it you with all my heart. But, oh God! Instead of the blood of my veins, accept, I beg you, that which gushes from my eyes.†(Goldoni 53) Silvio is traditionally costumed in the latest Italian fashions (since Italy is where Commedia originated) The Lovers elegant costumes were usually of the same color, just in case another couple of lovers was in the play too. This only reaffirms how much they were made for each other. Just like couples who wear matching outfits today. Given that Silvio is wealthy, he wears expensive clothes and jewelry, made of luxurious fabrics. Both Silvio and Clarice usually hold some kind of prop in their hand, most likely a letter to swoon over, or a handkerchief but this is of course the director’s choice. There is always a mirror somewhere on their body, being in a purse or pocket, or even hanging as a necklace around the actor’s throat. This is useful for admiring oneself, or in Silvio’s case for seeking out Clarice and adorning her through it. Unlike what most know Commedia dell’Arte to be known for the lovers do not wear masks. Rather, they wear quite a bit of makeup which in turn subsidizes as their mask. The term dreamer is a key way to understanding the lovers movement. Their feet are firmly on the ground, in a somewhat Ballet style position, but they lack firm contact with the earth because they lead with their chest and are heart heavy. Their arms are held out to their sides and curved. Their whole manner is very elegant and balletic, as they do not walk so much as glide. They never touch; to do so would cause them both to faint and or run away. It is sexually arousing for them to get very close without touching. They aren’t the brightest individuals so walking is somewhat of a challenge causing them to wobble, due to the uncertainty of their lack of contact with the ground. The posture that Silvio undertakes is that of compelling pride. His chest is naturally expanded and thrust out so that his heart essentially leads him, sometimes seeming to literally pull him across the stage. He points his toes while standing (like that of a ballet dancer), and when moving, he takes light, quick steps, giving himself a floating appearance. Overall, they simply lack contact with the ground. Their hand movements and gestures are very grand, expansive and expressive. Actors use the same dancing trainers as the wealthy individuals whom they are imitating in order to put emphasis on the absurdity of melodramatic behavior. There can be two sets of lovers in a Commedia dellArte play. The First set of lovers, usually more intelligent and serious, and the Second Lovers which in A Servant of Two Masters is Silvio and Clarice, usually whimsical and slightly silly. The second lovers in Goldonis A Servant of Two Masters are Clarice and Silvio. In research of the lovers when things are not going their way, they throw tantrums, pout, hurl insults while crying and whining. Their manner of dress and movement is highly stylized (more so than the First Lovers), making Silvio quite a narcissus. Silvio exists very much in his own world- and in his own world within that world. Self-obsessed and very selfish, he is more interested in what he is saying himself and how it sounds than in what his beloved Clarice is saying. He is primarily in love with himself, secondarily in love with love, and only without any doubt in love with his beloved. What he learns, if anything, from the tribulations of A Servant of Two Masters is the need to reverse these sickening priorities. Even though most of Silvio’s declarations would melt a heart of stone, there always seems to be a comic side to everything he says. One wonders if the explanation does not lie in the fact that love often robs the lover of all sense of his own logic, even though he may be the most rational of living men under ordinary circumstances. He does, however, come off better than most other Commedia characters: there is no viciousness in him, and less to be accused of – except for his vanity and narcissism. He represents the human potential for happiness, which is something that everyone is striving for. â€Å"Sir, I beg you, let everyone do as they will; do not be so put out about it. Now that I am happy, I want all the world to b e happy too. Is anyone else going to be married? Let them all get married†! (Goldoni 54) I have become conscious of the fact that the character of Silvio must be played as one that is over confident. He is very certain of himself and of his actions. He believes he is entitled to Clarice and is willing to fight to protect his property. Silvio is also quite protective, or even overprotective of those things which are important to him, or that he sees as belonging to him. He wishes to keep Clarice all to his own and have her within an area he feels he can keep safe. While he is protective of others, he himself shows little regard when placing himself in jeopardy. This is shows how dim witted his character truly is. The idea of defeat does not enter his mind and he is always on the front foot, unwilling to let others determine his actions, he is a very rash character. Patience is a virtue, apparently. Silvio often lacks any sense of patience which makes him a very irritable, anxious, angry and difficult to be around type of character. His shortage of patience makes him a rat her ignorant character. Silvio is always quick to act and often makes mistakes because of his unwillingness to listen to the advice or opinions of others. He is a man of action, and he needs for things to be occurring or he quickly loses any potential interest. He is quick to do battle regardless of the consequences, which shows how stupidly in love he truly is. His unwillingness to listen to an entire situation and process his next appropriate action, often get him into irresponsible situations. â€Å"†¦That wretch shall die, and my ungrateful Clarice shall see her lover wallowing in his own gore†. (Goldoni 26) Despite his quick anger and his tendency to solve his problems with violence, he is inconspicuously charming. Even though his unwillingness to listen too much besides the sound of his own voice, he is really just eager to please his lover Clarice. He has swept Clarice off of her feet and is the heartthrob of Venetian women. Some people settle down, and some people are just settling and some people refuse to settle for anything less than the feeling of butterflies, which is exactly how Silvio feels towards Clarice. He is never slow to put himself in harm’s way. He is quick to action and has little caution for his own well-being when engaging in any sort of fight, or in anything else he does. He is a man to be admired when he is at his finest, even though he is willing to do whatever it takes to get what he wants. â€Å"I don’t care how old you are’ I have a mind to run you straight through the body†. (Goldoni 24) Through researching the character of Silvio it would be necessary to portray him as a man who struggles to hold himself in the position in which his status in society places him. He strives to be suave, cool and collected, but somewhat fights to maintain focus and is very quick to act, his actions usually end in anger and much turmoil. He is a powerful physical presence, and is one of formidable fighting skill, but is emotionally immature on many levels. His love for Clarice is one of his few genuinely mature emotions, and it is his motivation through the play. He is prone to rash, spontaneous actions, as well as to throwing tantrums such as a moody child would when things don’t go his way. This effectively suited the comedic aspect of the play while not deteriorating from the romantic story between Clarice and Silvio. â€Å"When we love we always strive to become better than we are. When we strive to become better than we are, everything around us becomes better, too†. (Jeaulo Coelho)

The Black Death :: essays research papers

The Black Death Early historians argued about the origin of The Black Death. Many, Christians who witnessed the carnage brought on by The Plague, believed that it came from the Jesuits, and that the Jews had poisoned the wells and groundwater, this type of thinking brought about the death of many Jews. Some believed that it came from the 'land of darkness' (Mongolia) Modern day chroniclers agree that The Black Death moved from east to west spreading like a shadow, crossing from India to China to Europe. Lois Sanctus of Avignon reasoned that The Plague originated in India, and notes that it had arrived on the Mediterranean coast of France in 1347. Historian and scholar Nicephorus Gregoras from Constantinople testified that in 1347 the disease had invaded humanity starting from Scythia, (southern Russia) and spread to Maeotis and the mouth of the Tanais, (Don River) and lasted throughout the year. Still another testimony from a Muslim author, Ibn al-Wardi claims that the Black Death had been present in the Mongol Empire as early as 1331 before spreading to India and China. Most historians today however agree that The Plague was carried by fleas, living on rats in the Asian Steppes, and were transported by Mongol armies moving east. The Plague would then have spread through the rest of Europe via merchant trading. Michele Da Piazza a Franciscan friar in the convent of Catania in Sicily succumbed to the disease, but not before noting the symptoms of The Plague including pustules on the arms and legs, and that The Plague penetrated the body so that its victims coughed up blood from the mouth and nose for days before the dying. Giovanni Boccaccio, a writer from Florence noticed further symptoms, certain swellings in the groin or armpit, roughly the size of an apple, accompanied by death. Further documentation from Lois Sanctus of Avignon states that The Plague had three definitive forms, Bubonic ? Painful swelling of the lymph nodes in the arm pits and the groin. Pneumonic ? affects the respiratory system. Septicemic ? The poisoning of the blood. It was believed that one could become afflicted if you so much as looked at an infected person. The Plague would however have been spread like the common cold, through physical contact or airborne contact. Medieval doctors of the 14th century were far lacking in the medical technology that we rely on today. Chroniclers of the Black Death attacked medical practitioners, accusing them of being cowards, incompetent and greedy.

BANKING ACADEMY OF VIETNAM Essay

History Berkshire Hathaway is a company that was initially set up as a textile manufacturer in 1839 by Oliver Chace. During that time, the company was based in Valley Falls, Rhode Island and operated under the name Valley Falls Company. It eventually merged with and used the name of another textile manufacturer, Berkshire Fine Spinning Associates (originally Berkshire Cotton Manufacturing Company, which was based in Massachusetts). The Hathaway name became part of the company in 1955, when a merger between the Hathaway Manufacturing Company and Berkshire was successfully agreed on. The Hathaway Manufacturing Company was then a textile business that successfully recovered from the textile decline and the Great Depression. The merger resulted in the company relocating its headquarters to New Bedford, Massachusetts and installing 15 factories that employed over 12,000 labourers. However, as the demand for textile continued to dwindle, seven of these locations eventually closed down with huge layoffs but not before it surpassed $120 million in revenue. Warren Buffett, the man who would become Berkshire Hathaway’s CEO, came into the picture in 1962, when he started purchasing Berkshire Hathaway shares. He was eventually able to buy enough shares to allow him to change the management and eventually gain control of the company. During Warren Buffett’s time, he still kept the company’s textile milling business but eventually, the company started investing in the insurance industry among other things. His purchase of the National Indemnity Company marked the company’s first venture into the insurance market, which proved to be very successful. The last Berkshire Hathaway plant was closed in 1985. Buffett continued to direct Berkshire Hathaway into other investments, which led them to owning brands such as Dairy Queen, Clayton Homes and MidAmerican Energy Holdings. Currently, Berkshire Hathaway stands as the most respected company (Forbes 2007) and currently has the world’s richest man as its CEO and largest shareholder. Berkshire Hathaway is also one of the few companies that have reached the $100,000 share price. Note as of 2012: Berkshire Hathaway (Berkshire or the group) is diversified holding company engaged primarily in the provision of insurance and reinsurance products and services. Additionally, the group is engaged in non-insurance businesses including utilities and energy, finance, manufacturing, service and retailing. Berkshire has overall 76 operating businesses. The group primarily operates in the US. It is headquartered in Omaha, Nebraska and employs 270,858 people. The group recorded revenues of $143,688 million in the financial year ended December 2011 (FY2011), an increase of 5.5% over FY2010. The operating profit of the group was $15,314 million in FY2011, a decrease of 19.6% over FY2010. The net profit was $10,254 million in FY2011, a decrease of 20.9% over FY2010. The organisational chart is as follows: Company: Viet Tien Garment Joint Stock Corporation Vtec (Vietnam) Founders: Sam Bao Tai Industry: Garment History: Originally, the company was a private garment factory for ‘Thai Binduong Engineering Company@ – trading as Pacific Enterprise. There are 8 shareholder capital contributions by Mr. Bao Tai Ginseng – a Chinese businessman who acts as director. The factory area of 1,513 meter square with 65 sewing machines and about 100 workers. After the complete liberation of the south, the state takeover, nationalised and then assigned the Ministry of Light Industry (now the Ministry of Industry) to manage. In 1977, the Ministry of Industry recognized as state-owned enterprises and renamed the Viet Tien Garment Factory. In 1979, the factory burn and was a total loss. Getting help from other units, enthusiasm attached to workers and with the leadership of Viet Tien, the business was put back into operation and increasingly asserted its position on the market. Thanks to great efforts, the 103/CNN/TCLD discretion was given by the Ministry of Industry Enterprise. The Ministry of Industry Enterprise accepted and upgraded Tien garment company statues. In 1991, the Ministry of foreign economic relations of import and export license directly with foreign name is VIET TIEN GARMENT IMPORT-EXPORT COMPANY, abbreviated as VTEC (by license number on 102570 05/02/1991). In 1993, the company establishment licensing number 214/CNN-TCLD was given. Before 1995, the direct management the company is producing the nation’s garments. In May 1977, it was rename Viet Tien Garment Enterprise. With the development of the garment sector, the enterprise was change into a company and later a corporation. The name Viet Tien (Vietnam advancing forward) was kept under the wishes of the staff. At the request of the Vietnam Textile and Garment Group in Report No. 01 28/TDDM-TCLD in 2007 and the scheme of establishment of the company’s proposed May Vietnam Tien.Theo Organization Department – Personnel decisions to: Establish Vietnam Tien Garment Corporation on the basis of reorganisation Vietnam Tien Garment Company under the Vietnam Textile and Garment Group. Vietnam Tien Garment Corporation operating as a parent company – subsidiary located in the structure of the Vietnam Textile and Garment Group. The Vietnamese name given as Corporations Vietnam Tien Garment Joint Stock and the International Trade name: Viettien Garment Corporation (VTEC). At present VTEC has six enterprise and 14 affiliates over 20,000 workers. It specialises in the manufacturing of garments and the trading of maters and accessories for the garment sector, equipment and components, and import-export services. Its products are diverse and are sold at over 20 shops and 300 agents throughout the country. Note: As of 2012: Viet Tien garment Joint Stock Company established since 1976, is presently a production and trade company belonging to VINATEX, specialising in garment manufacture, trade of equipment, materials & accessories for garment industry. The company presently carries out business transactions with more than 60 customers in 20 countries over the world: Asia, Europe, USA, Australia and North America, etc. Specialises in shirts, trousers, suit, blouses, jackets, denim suits, coats, sweaters, trading in industrial garment Trading in electric, audio, light equipment, Forwarding, Shipping agency. KEY Employees Sources: http://www.thehistoryofcorporate.com/companies-by-industry/finance/berkshire-hathaway-corporations-history/ http://www.marketline.com/ ref 07E69A79-DC43-4A40-B015-C2C489E9E28F http://www.viettien.com.vn/modules.php?name=Content&opcase=viewcontent&mcid=128&menuid=12 http://en.news.vn/economy/company-and-names/23351-viet-tien-a-strong-brand-name-in-the-garment-sector.html With reference to the above case (you are strongly advice to research into the above company), you are to research and correlate to Viet Tien Garment. Prepare a brief report, citing relevant research, which addresses the following tasks: Task 1 Compare and contrast the different organisational structures and culture between Berkshire Hathaway and Viet Tien Garment1.1 Explain how the relationship between Berkshire Hathaway structure and culture can impact on the performance of the business1.2 Discuss the factors which influence individual behaviour at Berkshire Hathaway OR Viet Tien Garment.1.3 This part of your report should not exceed more than 1,000 words. Diagrams, charts, tables and appendixes are not to be included in the word count. Task 2 Using research and the facts presented in the case: Compare the effectiveness of different leadership styles with Berkshire Hathaway and to Viet Tien Garment2.1 Explain how organisational theory underpins the practice of management for with Berkshire Hathaway2.2 Evaluate the different approaches to management used by two organizations (Berkshire Hathaway and to Viet Tien Garment).2.3 This part of your report should not exceed more than 1,500 words. Diagrams, charts, tables and appendixes are not to be included in the word count. GRADING Passis achieved by meeting all the requirements defined in the assessment criteria. (Refer page 2 of the assignment brief) MeritIdentify and apply strategies to find appropriate solutions. (M1) Characteristics / Possible Evidence – Use of comparative charts and sufficiently detailed to show that an effective approach to study and research has been applied to Berkshire Hathaway. Select and apply appropriate methods. (M2) Characteristics / Possible Evidence – relevant theories and techniques have been applied in leadership style and approaches to management especially related to Berkshire Hathaway sources sources are justified. DistinctionUse critical reflection to evaluate own work and justify valid conclusions (D1) Characteristics / Possible Evidence – creation has been used to generate and justify valid comments on approaches to different management and style of leadership of Berkshire Hathaway. Demonstrate convergent, lateral and creative thinking (D3) Characteristics / Possible Evidence – report has been prepared with care and clearly demonstrates the learners thinking, innovation and creative thought used. Presentation 1. The assignment should have a cover page that includes the assignment title, assignment number, course title, module title, Lecturer/tutor name and student’s name. Attach all the pages of assignment brief/cover sheet with your report and leave them blank for official use. 2. Ensure that authenticity declaration has been signed. 3. This is an individual assignment. 4. Content sheet with a list of all headings and page numbers. 5. A fully typed up professionally presented report document. Use 12 point Arial or Times New Roman script. 6. Your assignment should be word-processed and should not exceed from 2,500 to 3,000 words in length. 7. Use the Harvard referencing system. 8. Exhibits/appendices are outside this limit. 9. The assignment should be not contain a bibliography – but should contain a list of any references used in the assignment. NOTES TO STUDENTS for summission Check carefully the submission date and the instructions given with the assignment. Late assignments will not be accepted. Ensure that you give yourself enough time to complete the assignment by the due date. Do not leave things such as printing to the last minute – excuses of this nature will not be accepted for failure to hand-in the work on time. You must take responsibility for managing your own time effectively. If you are unable to hand in your assignment on time and have valid reasons such as illness, you may apply (in writing) for an extension. Failure to achieve a PASS grade will results in a REFERRAL grade being given. Take great care that if you  use other people’s work or ideas in your assignment, you properly reference them in your text and any bibliography. NOTE: If you are caught plagiarizing, the University policies and procedures will apply. Prepared for: Ms. Le Thu Hanh The lecturer of ITP- F06B Course no: F06 Banking Academy, Hanoi Vietnam Prepared by: Hoang Nang Le Minh Registration No.: ITP F06-090 Submitted Date : Word Count : 3361 Table of content Executive Summary†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.13 Introduction†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦..14 1.1 Compare and contrast different organisational structures and culture†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦15 1.2 Explain how the relationship between an organisation’s structure and culture can impact on the performance of the business†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦..17 1.3 Discuss the factors which influence individual behavior at work†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.20 2.1 Compare the effectiveness of different leadership styles in different organizations†¦..21 2.2 Explain how organizational theory underpins the practice of management†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦..22 2.3 Evaluate the different approaches to management used by different organizations†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦24 Conclusion†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.26 Reference†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦27 Executive Summary Viet Tien Garment Joint Stock Corporation Vtec and Berkshire Hathaway company is two big organisations with many organisational factors , have established for a larger number of purposes , they have many same points or other points in their structures , their ways of working . Viet Tien Garment produce clothes ( pants , shirts , sportswear , suits †¦ ) , in addition this company supply services of accessories and materials for garments . For a long time served Viet Nam customers with their products , Viet Tien Garment have built a famous situation and reputation in its own country . About Berkshire Hathaway company : in past Berkshire Hathaway produced textile fabrics , but after Warren Buffett became its CEO , this company started working on many various fields as insurance , financial services , jewellery †¦ Till now , Berkshire Hathaway is very famous not only because of its CEO (Warren Buffett ) but also because it worked probably very efficient , bring a lot of benefit s to its employees . Introduction Purposes / goals of doing this organisations and behaviour assignment : Practically find and analyze information about both companies ( Berkshire Hathaway and Viet Tien Garment Joint Stock Corporation ) which really exist in other countries , act at other fields ; to understand the relationship between organisational structures and culture , in addition we can comprehend different approaches to management and leadership , also gain knowledge from all outcomes in the textbook . For exp : Explain how the relationship between an organisation’s structure and culture can impact on the performance of the business , or compare the effectiveness of different leadership styles in different organisations †¦ Information and news in this assignment have given from trustable web sites which are official or  popular with people . Berkshire Hathaway and Viet Tien Garment are so popular in its own country but it is not easy to collect all true information about them , or really underst and their business clearly . Therefore any comments / reports in this assignment may be right or wrong base on reader ‘s experience . This assignment just only cover a small part of Organisations and Behaviour textbook with a wider range when mentioned two big companies ( Berkshire Hathaway company and Viet Tien Garment ) as prime examples . 1.1 Compare and contrast different organisational structures and culture Each organisation have its own structure , culture which affect how it works and why it become a successful organisation or not . Structures and culture are very important with organisations because they have an impact on the way people look at each organisation , the adaptability of each organisation †¦ About Viet Tien Garment Joint Stock Corporation Vtec and Berkshire Hathaway company , both of them are successful when they chose their organisational structures and culture then apply it efficiently to their ways of working . Their organisational structures and culture are showing in the chart below : Organisations : Viet Tien Garment Berkshire Hathaway company Organisational structures Tall Centralisation Flat Decentralisation Organisational culture Role culture Task culture Role culture Compare and contrast – about organisational structures : Berkshire Hathaway have been controlled by CEO Warren Buffett and other directors as the highest level of management . They give orders to other subordinates . According to the 2010 Berkshire Hathaway Annual Report : â€Å" Berkshire’s operating businesses are managed on an unusually decentralized basis . There are essentially no centralized or integrated business functions ( such as sales , marketing , purchasing , legal or human resources ) and there is minimal involvement by Berkshire’s corporate headquarters in the day-to-day business activities of the operating businesses † . So their structure is flat and decentralisation – opposite with Viet Tien Garment Joint Stock Corporation . Nowadays , many organizations have an enhancement in their average span of control , diminishing management levels and then become flatter , so as that they can reduce demand for middle managers to handle or analyse information †¦ Berkshire Hathaway are going on this w ay very early , that ‘s true decision . Any costs , expense for middle process will be removed . The boss will have maximum benefit , and employees too . But this kind of organisation can make many people become the unemployed because they just use a small number of staffs / key employees who are skilled as their high requirements . The high amount of delegation the organisation have , more good qualities their employees must have . Viet Tien Garment , with their centralisation structure , can’t have some advantages as Berkshire Hathaway company , but they make many people have jobs . Viet Tien have a lot of branches , regular foreign customers and outlets ( inside and outside Viet Nam ) with many workers / employees in their factories . They really help Viet Nam government prevent the unemployment – not so efficient but that ‘s enough at this time . Therefore we can realize that Berkshire Hathaway and Viet Tien Garment Joint Stock Corporation have differen t structures , with many advantages and disadvantages †¦ In my opinion , if they can combine all kind of structures to balance the amount of advantages and disadvantages , then find out a suitable structure which increases their maximum proceeds , it will be very good for their organisations . Have too much ( or too low ) the amount of delegation , it isn’t stable ; should keep it in an average amount . Compare and contrast – about organisational culture : Berkshire Hathaway have task culture in some cases . When Berkshire Hathaway employees work in specific fields like insurance industry , they must do many short term and long term missions or projects so as that they can earn money from each finished products / accomplished missions †¦ Employees work with team mates in a group to finish their tasks on time . In addition , this company (Berkshire Hathaway ) have role culture . As a large company with many types of jobs and the work is predictable , role culture is very suitable for doing their business . CEO Warren Buffett had chosen this reasonable culture which agreeable to this company , he did many things in order to gradually made it become â€Å" the most respected company † (Forbes 2007) . Viet Tien Garment have role culture with the same reasons like Berkshire Hathaway . In a big organization with a lot of factories ( like Viet Tien Garment ) , task cultures are not suitable because of many reasons . Factors in tas k cultures are not suited to Viet Tien labours ( their behavior , their habits , †¦ ) and the way this company work . 1.2 Explain how the relationship between an organisation’s structure and culture can impact on the performance of the business How the relationship between Berkshire Hathaway’s structure and culture can impact on their performance of the business Organisation’s structures is the manifestation of ways that a company arrange itself and show its mode of working , so it can impact on the performance of organizations . Berkshire Hathaway’s structures are flat and decentralisation , that make this company may have many advantages or disadvantages when perform their business . To using these types of organisational structures , board of directors in Berkshire Hathaway company have chosen skilled employees / directors who can create true decisions when it is suitable , and understand all anything they must do for their company . â€Å" Berkshire Hathaway’s divisions and subsidiaries are, by Buffett’s admission, run with little or no oversight by Omaha headquarters. Each year he sends the CEOs a general letter outlining high-level goals and requires very few reports or status updat es. One-way communication of monthly and quarterly financial results is the primary method used by most of the business units to report to headquarters † ( Francine , 2011 ) . Organisation’s culture is the  style and the main image of an organisation , it shows us what the organisation aimed at and what are the special characteristic of that organization †¦ Therefore organisation’s culture always affect the performance of organizations . By using task culture and role culture , Berkshire Hathaway company can work easier than use any other types of culture . CEO Warren Buffett â€Å" said that Berkshire has created a strong â€Å"culture† over the years that would reject any attempt by an outsider to make changes that don’t reflect his way of doing business . † ( Alex Crippen , 2013 ) . Each year this company with its culture has been widening so much , not only its size or number of employees but also its quality and quantity of produc tivity , revenue †¦ â€Å" Berkshire, of course, owns subsidiaries across a wide range of industries, from insurance to candy and beyond. It also holds investments in numerous companies . † (William L. Watts , 2013 ) . How the relationship between Viet Tien Garment’s structure and culture can impact on their performance of the business Viet Tien Garment’s structure always have an impact on their performance of the business like Berkshire Hathaway company . Viet Tien Garment’s structures are tall and centralization , so this company have been affected by its ways of arrangements . The performance of Viet Tien Garment ( especially their production capacity ) is showing in charts below : By using their organizational structures ( tall and centralization ) and organisational culture ( role culture ) , till now Viet Tien Garment have many employees , factories and departments in Viet Nam , with high production capacity , as the huge system which usually work hard under the terms of covenants and severe rules . If Viet Tien Garment haven’t arranged like that , this company can’t reach achievements currently . Because labour costs are low , they aren’t able to recruit talented employees or skilled workers who graduated from famous universities , therefore flat organization is not suitable for Viet Tien Garment ( in this company , just only people on the highest level of management can make decisions ) . They can’t choose a wide span of control . And of course , in fact they have not chosen . Using tall and centralization structure is the true way for Viet Tien to  develop in future . With role culture , their workers are capable of producing goods together in factories – that ‘s reasonable method for a big company in garment industry like Viet Tien . 1.3 Discuss the factors which influence individual behavior at work Have a lot of factors which influence individual behavior at work because individuals are very various . Firstly , perception is the important factor which always affect individual behavior . For example : If a worker think that his job is very good and his average wage is adequate ( although some other workers said that it isn’t true ) , he will do his affair in a merry mood , so he can reach excellent results easier than others . Each organization have its own culture and structures , therefore their employees must have suitable perception . If the perception of employees in the organization is fit for their jobs , their ways of working will have more originality , positive innovation †¦ After read many employee reviews of Berkshire Hathaway company , we can understand reasons which made this company successful : â€Å" I worked at Berkshire Hathaway as an intern . Very relaxed working environment . Management cares about new hires and tries to help .† – A former employee . â€Å" Nothing negative to share , one of the best work environments I have encountered in my career † – a former employee in San Francisco . Secondly , attitude is the conspicuous factor that usually influence individual behavior at work . When an employee go to work with a positive attitude , he can make other employees have good mood to do their jobs better . A positive attitude also create a cordial atmosphere in workplace , so all employees in a organization should have an active attitude while they work . But if an employee don’t know how to have an active attitude , what must he do ? His managers or directors have to solve this problem by suitable ways with each case . Buffett’s 2012 annual report have a paragraph : † Most of our managers are independently wealthy, and it’s therefore up to us to create a climate that encourages them to choose working with Berkshire over golfing or fishing. This leaves us needing to t reat them fairly and in the manner that we would wish to be treated if our positions were reversed † . Managers in Berkshire Hathaway company have been treated very kind , therefore they worked efficiently ,  make their company more successful day by day . 2.1 Compare the effectiveness of different leadership styles in different organizations Each leadership style have the effectiveness that always affect its organization . Warren E. Buffett is CEO of Berkshire Hathaway , in addition he is the famous billionaire investor in the world . Under control of this talented CEO , Berkshire Hathaway steadily become the successful company which works on many fields . Firstly , we can easily see that Warren Buffett inspires his employees to work hard . His subordinates usually think about how to earn money and become a famous billionaire investor like him . When CEO Warren Buffett manage Berkshire Hathaway company , â€Å" The share price of Berkshire Hathaway has grown from about the approximate range of $14 to $18 (of 1965) to $152,000 (in early 2013) in the 48 years that Warren Buffett has been in charge. Book value per share has grown by a staggering 587,000%. This immense success has included enormous success in both stock investing and in the management of the numerous businesses that Berkshire owns. It is therefore evident t hat Warren Buffett has been an absolutely extraordinary corporate manager, motivator and leader . † ( Shawn C. Allen , 2013 ) Another famous CEO in the world is Michael Dell . â€Å" He filled a void in the market that would change how people buy computers and all the accessories. At the age of twenty-seven, he was the youngest Fortune 500 CEO. True, it was the company he founded, and not one where he climbed the ranks, but making the Fortune 500 list is an incredible accomplishment for long standing companies, let alone one that was barely eight years old. People close to Michael Dell say he is quite shy, which makes his rise to super-entrepreneur that much more incredible. In the early days, he was the only one doing the marketing and promotion, and he obviously served both the customers and the company well. And, even though he had retired from the company a few years ago, the board encouraged him to return † ( Profile : Michael Dell , 2013 ) . In periods that Michae l Dell is CEO , his corporation have been widening a lot and help many people have modern jobs . 2.2 Explain how organizational theory underpins the practice of management The practice of management can be predicated by many organizational theories . Berkshire Hathaway company executed two theories : Frederick Taylor theory and Henri Fayol theory . Henri Fayol theory : The scalar chain of command : Follows Henri Fayol theory , Berkshire Hathaway arranged their organizational structures by the way in this theory as the chart below Division of work ( specialization ) : Each of Berkshire Hathaway employees have to focus on their jobs to be more efficient . More hard working in the same job , correspondingly more productive . We can see an employee review on Internet to comprehend these points : Name / function : Maintenance (Current Employee) I have been working at Berkshire Hathaway Pros – They really care about their employees. They listen to their employees. Benefits are great, management and front office go above the norm in making it an enjoyable place to work. Very happy here!! Cons – The working conditions are not exactly ideal. It is very loud, but appropriate ear protection is worn. The chemicals that are in the air, can’t be that good for your health in the long run, but it could be much worse. Advice to Senior Management – I wish I could come up with something, but I truly do think that the management is really on the right path in all that they are trying to accomplish. ESPIRIT DE CORPS : Berkshire Hathaway employees have been treated impartially and their managers usually create good feelings among employees . According to an analysis on Internet , 86% of employees recommend this company to a friend . Therefore we can see that Henri Fayol theory have a lot of principles which underpin the practice of management . Frederick Taylor theory : Employees , directors in Berkshire Hathaway clearly have their responsibility to do their work closely . Directors and managers help subordinates understand how to complete their tasks , and subordinates will do . Subordinates have to learn new methods from other employees then try to perform better . So that’s right ways to apply Taylor theory into workplace . 2.3 Evaluate the different approaches to management used by different organizations Berkshire Hathaway company 1. Structure : With its structures ( flat , decentralization ) , Berkshire Hathaway can save costs , expense from some middle processes , then use this money for doing other things . At the moment , many organizations are steadily changing their structures to become more flatter in order to gain more benefit . 2. Culture : Each organization have its own culture . With task culture and role culture , Berkshire Hathaway employees can complete tasks better because these types of culture really suitable for any fields which their company are controlling / working . If they use power culture , the boss will be very tired to manage the whole company , and all employees can’t meet their boss at the same time to take missions ( What should they do if their company have more than 5000 employees ? ) . So their organizational culture are task culture and role culture , that ‘s obvious . 3. Leadership : under control of CEO Warren Buffett and other skilled directors , Berkshire Hathaway became the most respected company (Forbes 2007) . Their decisions in management are punctual and rational , their employees have been trained to be more productive . Their employees also have been treated very kind . â€Å" During the 2012 fiscal year, Berkshire Hathaway held one annual directors meeting, one special meeting, and met twice by the directors’ unanimous consent. Each director attended all meetings of the board and all committee meetings on which he or she served. Directors received $900 for each meeting they attended in person and $300 for each meeting they attended by telephone † ( Meredith Kliewer , 2013 ) . Berkshire Hathaway board of directors is very good at their leadership , therefore this company is successful till now . Viet Tien Garment 1. Structure : With its structures ( tall , centralization ) , Viet Tien Garment can’t have some advantages as Berkshire Hathaway company , but they make many people have jobs . Viet Tien have a lot of branches , regular foreign customers and outlets ( inside and outside Viet Nam ) with many workers / employees in their factories . They really help Viet Nam government prevent the unemployment . Their structures are very suitable with their ways of working and selling goods . 2. Culture : Their organisational culture ( role culture ) is the true decision , because this company have a lot of factories and workers in Viet Nam , and role culture can help its directors to control all of them . 3. Leadership : This company is still perform well without any scandals , so their leadership is good enough for working in future . Conclusion After analyses two big companies ( Berkshire Hathaway and Viet Tien Garment ) , we can comprehend about main ideas as the relationship between organisational structures and culture , or different approaches to management and leadership . Base on information about Viet Tien Garment and Berkshire Hathaway company , this project can analyse primary principles in factors of organisations , as the linkage between organisational culture and structure , or the effectiveness of different leadership styles in different organisations , how organisational theory underpins the practice of management †¦ Moreover , using information in many sources as articles , books and websites that have been recognised or found on Google Scholar , this record help us understand the relationship between organisational structure and culture , understand different approaches to management and leadership , have a lot of useful knowledge for using in real life , and comprehend many outcomes in the textbook . Reference 2010 Berkshire Hathaway Annual Report . 2010 . From http://retheauditors.com/2011/09/02/the-berkshire-hathaway-corporate-governance-performance/ Alex Crippen . 2013 . Warren Buffett: Berkshire Will Be the ‘Same’ Without Me . From http://www.cnbc.com/id/100707968